Parkinson’s disease (PD) occurs when there is defeat of brain cells, which specifically produces dopamine.  Dopamine has many role and tasks on the brain which includes cognition, movements of the body that can be controlled, drive, reward, sleep, awareness, knowledge and mood. Shaky movement of the arms, hands, jaw, legs, and face; firmness of the trunk and limbs; sluggishness of movement, and impaired equilibrium and organization are the four major symptoms of PD.

At present, there are no laboratories or blood tests are proven to aid in diagnosing intermittent PD. Hence, neurologic examination and medical history was the basis of diagnosis. This disease is very hard to diagnose precisely. Levodopa or L-dopa is generally the used type of treatment nationwide. In the dopaminergic neurons, L-dopa is changed by the dopa-decarboxylase (now known as L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase). Unfortunately, just a few amounts (1-5 %) of L-dopa enter the dopaminergic neurons. The residual L-dopa enters to other dopamine somewhere else. This causes an extensive range of side effects.  L-dopa becomes counterproductive as a result of feedback inhibition and it greatly affects the endogenous structure of it.

Decarboxylase inhibitors (Carbidopa and Benserazide) assist to stop L-dopa’s metabolism ahead of reaching the dopaminergic neurons. Each can be given as mixture preparations (Benserazide/Levodopa or Carbidopa/Levodopa). Duodopa is the mixture of carbidopa and levodopa, this drug is isolated as a sticky gel. It is constantly delivered passing through a tube into the upper portion of the small intestine by means of a portable pump that is patient-operated.

When there is an increase dose of L-dopa, patients usually experiences diminished voluntary movements and the presence of involuntary movements. In this situation, Dopamine agonists can be of great help. A number of these drugs have been associated with a higher threat of problem gambling. Since dopamine agonists stimulate the dopamine receptors, it becomes gradually less responsive and in the end, it increases the symptoms. The dopamine, which is secreted by the dopaminergic neurons, is broken down by MAO-B. MAO-B inhibitors (Selegiline and Rasagiline) stops monoamine oxidase-B, thus lessening the symptoms. The collapse of dopamine is the outcome of preventing the MAO-B.

In some various cases, if the disease does not react to drugs, surgery may be suitable. A general practice to treat Parkinson’s disease was surgery. It was constrained to only some cases when levodopa was discovered. Currently, the majority uses Deep brain stimulation (DBS) as a surgical way of management. In this type of treatment, a medical device (known as the brain pacemaker) is implanted on the brain so that it can send electrical impulses. This can lessen the drive to take levodopa and some related drugs, thus the involuntary movements (dyskinesias), which are the frequent side effects of levodopa are lessened. In order to function properly, DBS requires cautious encoding.

There is biased indication that problems in verbal communication or mobility can get better with rehabilitation. To maintain and improve the patient’s flexibility, potency, mobility, pace, and value of life, habitual physical exercise and therapy can be advantageous. For the speech and voice, speech therapy can be beneficial. Lee Silverman Voice Treatment focuses on escalating the loudness of voice and it is used for speech disorders connected with PD. As of now there is no precise cure for Parkinson's disease. Since it is known as a progressive kind of disease, prevention is better than cure.